Python seaborn 시각화 기본 정리

Seaborn의 기본 내용 정리한 내용임

import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") # 경고메세지 무시

# 펭귄데이터
penguins = sns.load_dataset("penguins")
penguins.info()
penguins.head()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 344 entries, 0 to 343
Data columns (total 7 columns):
 #   Column             Non-Null Count  Dtype  
---  ------             --------------  -----  
 0   species            344 non-null    object 
 1   island             344 non-null    object 
 2   bill_length_mm     342 non-null    float64
 3   bill_depth_mm      342 non-null    float64
 4   flipper_length_mm  342 non-null    float64
 5   body_mass_g        342 non-null    float64
 6   sex                333 non-null    object 
dtypes: float64(4), object(3)
memory usage: 18.9+ KB

	species	island	bill_length_mm	bill_depth_mm	flipper_length_mm	body_mass_g	sex
0	Adelie	Torgersen	39.1	18.7	181.0	3750.0	Male
1	Adelie	Torgersen	39.5	17.4	186.0	3800.0	Female
2	Adelie	Torgersen	40.3	18.0	195.0	3250.0	Female
3	Adelie	Torgersen	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN
4	Adelie	Torgersen	36.7	19.3	193.0	3450.0	Female

#히스토그램
sns.histplot(data=penguins, x="flipper_length_mm", hue="species", multiple="stack")

<AxesSubplot:xlabel='flipper_length_mm', ylabel='Count'>

# kernel density estimation
sns.kdeplot(data=penguins, x="flipper_length_mm", hue="species", multiple="stack")

<AxesSubplot:xlabel='flipper_length_mm', ylabel='Density'>

Figure Level vs Axes Level Functions

1. axes-level는 matplotlib.pyplot.axes를 기준으로 만들어지고
2. Figure-level은 FacetGrid를 기준으로 만들어진다.

Distribution Plots

distplot

• 분포 확인
• kde차트와 히스토그램 확인가능

sns.distplot(penguins["flipper_length_mm"], bins=40)
# kde=False를 하면 kde차트는 사라짐

C:\Users\Jessie\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\seaborn\distributions.py:2619: FutureWarning: `distplot` is a deprecated function and will be removed in a future version. Please adapt your code to use either `displot` (a figure-level function with similar flexibility) or `histplot` (an axes-level function for histograms).
  warnings.warn(msg, FutureWarning)





<AxesSubplot:xlabel='flipper_length_mm', ylabel='Density'>

jointplot

• Scatterplot을 기본으로 각 축의 분포 확인 가능

sns.jointplot(x="flipper_length_mm",y="bill_length_mm",data=penguins, hue="species")
# hue="species" - 색반환
# kind="hex" - 육각형 모양으로 반환
# kind="reg" - Regression plot
# kind="kde"  - 등고선

<seaborn.axisgrid.JointGrid at 0x165bc527550>

sns.jointplot(x="flipper_length_mm",y="bill_length_mm",data=penguins, kind="reg" )

<seaborn.axisgrid.JointGrid at 0x165bc4fe6d0>

pairplot

• 모든 Numeric 변수에 대하여 Scatter plot과 분포도 그림

sns.pairplot(data=penguins, hue="species", palette="coolwarm")

<seaborn.axisgrid.PairGrid at 0x165bf0f27c0>

rugplot

sns.rugplot(penguins["flipper_length_mm"])

<AxesSubplot:xlabel='flipper_length_mm'>

Categoricla Plots

barplot

• estimator인자는 Barplot의 y축을 계량하는 기준을 의미하며 default값은 mean이다.

import numpy as np
sns.barplot(data=penguins, x="species", y="flipper_length_mm", estimator=np.std) # 표준편차

<AxesSubplot:xlabel='species', ylabel='flipper_length_mm'>

countplot

sns.countplot(data=penguins, x="species")

<AxesSubplot:xlabel='species', ylabel='count'>

boxplot

sns.boxplot(x="species",y="bill_length_mm",data=penguins, hue="sex")

<AxesSubplot:xlabel='species', ylabel='bill_length_mm'>

viloin plot

sns.violinplot(x="species",y="bill_length_mm",data=penguins, hue="sex", split=True)

<AxesSubplot:xlabel='species', ylabel='bill_length_mm'>

stripplot

sns.stripplot(x="species",y="bill_length_mm",data=penguins, jitter=True, hue="sex", split=True)

C:\Users\Jessie\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\seaborn\categorical.py:2805: UserWarning: The `split` parameter has been renamed to `dodge`.
  warnings.warn(msg, UserWarning)





<AxesSubplot:xlabel='species', ylabel='bill_length_mm'>

swarmplot

• stripplot과 violing plot의 조합으로 볼 수 있음

sns.swarmplot(x="species",y="bill_length_mm",data=penguins)

<AxesSubplot:xlabel='species', ylabel='bill_length_mm'>

Matrix chart

tc = penguins.corr()

Heatmap

• annot=Ture 인자를 통해서 히트맵에 해당하는 셀의 값을 노출할 수 있다.
• cmap을 통해 컬러맵 부여 가능

sns.heatmap(tc,annot=True, cmap="coolwarm")

<AxesSubplot:>

test = penguins.pivot_table(index="species", columns="island", values="bill_length_mm")

sns.heatmap(test, cmap="magma")

<AxesSubplot:xlabel='island', ylabel='species'>

Clustermap

sns.clustermap(tc, cmap="coolwarm", standard_scale=1, annot=True)

<seaborn.matrix.ClusterGrid at 0x165c2a16dc0>

Grid

iris = sns.load_dataset("iris")
iris.head()

	sepal_length	sepal_width	petal_length	petal_width	species
0	5.1	3.5	1.4	0.2	setosa
1	4.9	3.0	1.4	0.2	setosa
2	4.7	3.2	1.3	0.2	setosa
3	4.6	3.1	1.5	0.2	setosa
4	5.0	3.6	1.4	0.2	setosa

PairGrid

g = sns.PairGrid(iris)
# g.map(plt.scatter) # scatter
g.map_diag(sns.distplot) # 사선에는 distplot
g.map_upper(plt.scatter) # 사선 상단에는 scatterplot
g.map_lower(sns.kdeplot) # 사선 아래에는 kdeplot

<seaborn.axisgrid.PairGrid at 0x165c7fc8790>

FacetGrid

• Categorical한 변수를 기준으로 그래프를 쪼개서 볼 수 있음
• Trellis(격자구조)의 개념이라고 생각하면 좋음

tips = sns.load_dataset("tips")
tips.head()

	total_bill	tip	sex	smoker	day	time	size
0	16.99	1.01	Female	No	Sun	Dinner	2
1	10.34	1.66	Male	No	Sun	Dinner	3
2	21.01	3.50	Male	No	Sun	Dinner	3
3	23.68	3.31	Male	No	Sun	Dinner	2
4	24.59	3.61	Female	No	Sun	Dinner	4

g = sns.FacetGrid(data=tips, col="time", row="smoker")
# g.map(sns.distplot, "total_bill")
g.map(plt.scatter, "total_bill", "tip")

<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x165ca168850>

regplot

lmplot

sns.lmplot(x="total_bill", y="tip",data=tips, hue="sex", markers=['o','v'])

<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x165ca196df0>

sns.lmplot(x="total_bill", y="tip",data=tips,col="sex",row="time") # auto FacetGrid

<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x165ca32e400>